Cataracts are a prevalent eye condition that can have a profound effect on your vision and overall quality of life. They occur when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, reducing the amount of light that reaches the retina. This leads to blurry or distorted vision. Although cataracts are most commonly associated with aging, they can also develop due to other factors such as eye injuries, medical conditions, or extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Knowing how cataracts affect your vision and understanding the available treatment options can help you take proactive steps to protect your eye health.

How cataracts change your vision 

The eye’s lens is usually clear, allowing light to pass through and focus correctly on the retina, resulting in sharp vision. When cataracts develop, this clarity diminishes as the lens becomes cloudy. The result is scattered or obstructed light, which can make seeing clearly a challenge.

Common symptoms of cataracts

Cataracts often progress slowly, and their symptoms may not be noticeable at first. Over time, you might experience:

  • Blurry or Hazy Vision: Things may appear unclear or out of focus.
  • Increased Light Sensitivity: Glare from bright lights or the sun can become particularly bothersome.
  • Difficulties with Night Vision: Seeing in dimly lit environments or at night becomes harder.
  • colours Appearing Faded: Colours may lose their vibrancy and seem dull.
  • Frequent Changes in Prescription: You might need new glasses or contact lenses more often.

Without proper treatment, cataracts can advance to the point of significantly impairing vision or causing blindness.

What causes them? 

Several factors can contribute to cataract development, including:

  • Aging: The most common cause, as the proteins in the lens break down with age.
  • Eye Trauma: Injuries can cause the lens to become cloudy.
  • Medical Conditions: Diseases such as diabetes or eye disorders increase the risk.
  • Lifestyle Choices: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and prolonged exposure to UV light can accelerate cataract formation.
  • Genetics: A family history of cataracts can predispose you to the condition.

How to manage and treat cataracts 

Early Detection 

Routine eye exams are crucial for spotting cataracts in their early stages. Regular check-ups with an eye specialist can help track the progression of the condition.

Lifestyle modifications 

Although you cannot reverse cataracts, certain habits can slow their progression or alleviate symptoms:

  • Wear Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from UV damage.
  • Eat a Balanced Diet: Include antioxidant-rich foods like fruits and leafy greens to support eye health.
  • Quit Smoking: Smoking is a known risk factor for cataracts and other eye conditions.
  • Optimise Lighting: Use brighter lighting at home or work to reduce eye strain.

Updating prescriptions 

In the early stages, updating your glasses or contact lenses can temporarily improve vision. However, this is not a permanent solution, as cataracts will continue to progress.

Cataract surgery 

When cataracts begin to interfere with everyday activities, surgery is the most effective treatment. During this procedure:

  • The cloudy lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
  • The surgery is quick, safe, and highly successful, with most patients experiencing a significant improvement in vision afterward.

When to see a specialist

If you notice symptoms like persistent blurriness, difficulty with night vision, or sensitivity to glare, it’s essential to seek advice from an eye care professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further complications and restore clear vision.

Cataracts are a common eye condition, but they don’t have to disrupt your life. With early detection, healthy habits, and advanced surgical options, cataracts can be effectively managed or treated. Regular eye exams are your first line of defence in preserving your vision. Book an appointment with an eye specialist to explore your treatment options and protect your eyesight.