There are several types of glaucoma, each with distinct characteristics. The two main categories are open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and angle-closure glaucoma. If your eye consultant discovers unhealthy pressures in your eyes, you’ll likely be diagnosed with one of the two.

Here’s an overview of all these types:

Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG):

  • Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): This is the most common type. It develops slowly over time, and the drainage angle of the eye remains open but becomes less efficient in draining fluid.
  • Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG): In NTG, damage to the optic nerve occurs despite intraocular pressure (IOP) being within the normal range.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma:

  • Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG): In this type, the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked, causing a sudden increase in IOP. It can be acute or chronic.

Secondary:

  • Secondary is associated with other eye conditions or factors such as eye injuries, inflammation, certain medications (like steroids), or systemic diseases.

Congenital:

  • Congenital is present at birth and is usually due to a developmental issue in the eye’s drainage system. It is relatively rare but can lead to serious vision problems if not treated promptly.

Pigmentary:

  • Pigmentary occurs when pigment granules from the iris accumulate in the eye’s drainage system, leading to increased IOP.

Exfoliative:

  • Exfoliative is associated with the shedding of extra material from the lens, leading to blockage in the drainage system.

Traumatic:

  • Traumatic can result from eye injuries that cause damage to the drainage system or other structures within the eye.

Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucoma:

  • This type is caused by conditions that lead to the iris blocking the drainage angle, causing a sudden increase in IOP.

Each type of glaucoma has its own characteristics, risk factors, and treatment approaches. It’s important to note that early detection through regular eye examinations is critical, as this condition often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. If you have concerns about your eye health or are at risk of this condition, it’s advisable to consult with an eye care professional.

Book in for your consultation here with Mr Vik Sharma, Consultant Ophthalmologist at Harley Street Eye Hospital.