Glaucoma, often called the “silent thief of sight,” is a progressive eye condition that can lead to irreversible vision loss if not detected and treated early. It affects the optic nerve, which is essential for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. One of the challenges with glaucoma is that its symptoms often go unnoticed in the early stages, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection.

This blog explores the key signs and symptoms of glaucoma to help you better understand this condition and recognise when it’s time to seek professional care.

The different types

Before diving into the symptoms, it’s important to know that glaucoma is not a single condition. The symptoms you experience can vary depending on the type of glaucoma. The two most common types are:

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG):

  • This is the most common form and progresses slowly.
  • Symptoms are often subtle and may not appear until significant vision loss has occurred.

Angle-closure glaucoma:

  • This type occurs suddenly and is a medical emergency.
  • Symptoms are dramatic and require immediate attention to prevent severe damage or blindness.

Signs and symptoms

Gradual vision loss

  • In primary open-angle glaucoma, peripheral (side) vision is often the first to be affected.
  • You may not notice changes initially because the loss happens slowly and painlessly.
  • Over time, the condition can lead to tunnel vision or even total blindness if untreated.

Blind spots

  • Blind spots (scotomas) may develop in your visual field.
  • These are often noticed when the condition progresses, and peripheral vision is significantly impacted.

Halos around lights

  • Seeing halos or rainbow-coloured circles around lights is a common symptom of angle-closure glaucoma.
  • This may be accompanied by other visual disturbances.

Eye pain or discomfort

  • In angle-closure glaucoma, intense eye pain can occur suddenly.
  • Pain may also radiate to the head, leading to severe headaches.

Redness in the eye

  • Redness in one or both eyes can be a sign of angle-closure glaucoma or other forms of the condition.

Nausea and vomiting

  • Sudden onset of nausea and vomiting, combined with severe eye pain and blurred vision, is often a symptom of acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Blurred vision

  • Blurred or hazy vision may develop as the condition progresses.
  • This symptom is particularly noticeable during acute attacks of angle-closure glaucoma.

When to see a doctor

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, especially sudden vision changes, eye pain, or nausea, consult an eye specialist immediately. These could be signs of acute angle-closure glaucoma, which requires urgent medical attention.

For those at higher risk of developing glaucoma, such as individuals over 60, those with a family history of the condition, or people with medical conditions like diabetes, regular comprehensive eye exams are essential.

Why early detection matters

One of the greatest challenges with this condition is its asymptomatic nature in the early stages. By the time noticeable symptoms appear, significant optic nerve damage may have already occurred. Early detection through routine eye exams can help identify glaucoma before symptoms develop, allowing for timely treatment and better outcomes.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of glaucoma is key to protecting your vision. While symptoms may not always be noticeable in the early stages, regular eye exams can catch the condition before significant damage occurs. If you experience any sudden or unusual changes in your vision, don’t hesitate to consult an eye specialist.

Your vision is irreplaceable, and early action is the best way to safeguard it from glaucoma’s effects.

Book your consultation with Harley Street Eye Hospital today.